Section 127 of the Income Tax Act-1961: There is no absolute right to be assessed in a particular Territory

 

 

Here is an interesting udgement on Section 127 of the Act. Often the question arises on what could be valid

grounds on which transfer of assessment records/jurisdiction can be challenged u/s 127 of the Income-tax Act,1961?

 The casw detail is as under:

Kamal Nath Vs PCIT Kolkata(Calcutta High Court)

Date-6th January 2023

 In this high profile case relating to ex-chief minister of Madhya Pradesh wherein Dr A M Singhvi along with Mr JP Khaitan represented the petitioner before Hon’ble Justice Shekhar Saraf challenging the order of transfer u/s 127 of the Income-tax Act,1961 which was passed in pursuance of a search and survey at the residence of involved persons at Kolkata, Delhi and Bhopal in which several transactions of several crores of rupees were unearthed linking the petitioner and *the Indian National Congress on WhatsApp chat, phone and diary etc.

On these facts the department **wanted to transfer the assessment to Delhi as the petitioner had been mainly staying at Bhopal and Delhi and had maintained bank account also at Delhi.

The petitioner challenged transfer interalia on the ground that there is no live link , the transfer was based on suspicion, there was no search on the petitioner , the petitioner will face difficulty as it had always been assessed in Kolkata.

 However, the Ld Judge brushing aside the submissions of petitioner and dismissing the Writ petition upheld the transfer relying on several decisions where it was held  that

  1. There is no absolute right to be assessed in a particular territory.

2. The inconvenience of assessee has to be balanced against department’s right to carry its functions and scope of judicial review is limited.

IN THE HIGH COURT AT CALCUTTA

Civil Appellate Jurisdiction Appellate Side

  

Present:

The Hon’ble Justice Shekhar B. Saraf

 

 

W.P.A. 3868 of 2022

 

Kamal Nath VS

The Principal Commissioner of Income Tax, Kolkata & Ors.

 

 

For the Petitioner

: Dr. A. M. Singhvi, Senior Advocate

Mr. J. P. Khaitan, Senior Advocate

Mr. Varun Chopra

Mr. Saurabh Bagaria Mr. Amit Agarwalla

Mr. Aniruddha Agarwalla

For the Respondents

: Mr. Tushar Mehta, Ld. Solicitor General

Mr. Balbir Singh, Ld. ASG Mr. Zoheb Hossain

Mr. Dhiraj Trivedi Mr. Tilak Mitra

Mr. Soumen Bhattacharjee

Last heard on: December 15, 2022

Judgment on: January 06, 2023

 

Shekhar B. Saraf, J.:

 

 

1. The petitioner is a citizen of India and is duly assessed to tax under provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961  (hereinafter  referred to as ‘the said Act’).

2. The respondents are Union of India and its various representatives working for gain at the Income Tax Department [hereinafter referred to as ‘tax authorities’].

3. The instant petition [being W.P.A. 3868 of 2022] has been filed against the order dated February 23, 2022 [hereinafter referred to as the ‘Impugned Order’] passed by the Principal Commissioner of Income Tax, Kolkata – 9 [hereinafter referred to as ‘PCIT Kolkata/respondent 1’] vide which the petitioner’s income tax assessment was transferred from Kolkata to New Delhi under Section 127 of the Act.

Relevant Facts  

4. A search operation under Section 132(1) of the Act and survey under Section 133A of the Act was conducted on Praveen Kakkar, Rajendar Miglani, Lalit Chhallani,  Prateek  Joshi  and  Himanshu  Sharma [hereinafter collectively referred to as ‘involved persons’] at Kolkata, Indore, Bhopal and other places by the Investigation Wing, Delhi. The operation was conducted on April 7, 2019 and subsequent dates.

5. The tax authorities purportedly found certain materials which indicated a nexus of the petitioner with the involved persons in large scale collection of illegal money and desired to centralise the assessment of the petitioner. On September 5, 2019, a show-cause notice [hereinafter referred to as ‘the first notice’] was issued with the proposal to transfer the petitioner’s case to New Delhi. The petitioner submitted its replies dated September 18, 2019 and October 3, 2019 which specifically denied all such allegations and requested for copies of all documents in relation to the search and survey operations.

6. The tax authorities passed an order  dated  February  18,  2021 (hereinafter referred to as ‘the first order’)  without  considering  the replies filed by the petitioner and without giving  an  opportunity  of hearing to the petitioner.

7. This Court, vide order dated January 11,  2022,  quashed  the  first  order on grounds of violation of the principles of natural justice, but recorded that it would not prevent the tax authorities  from  taking  action  of transfer if cogent material exists and after observing statutory requirements under Section 127(2) of the Act.

8. The respondent 1 again issued  a  show-cause  notice  dated  January 11, 2022 [hereinafter referred to as ‘the second  notice’].  The  second notice contained a detailed account of the nexus  with  the  involved persons and relevant material was adduced,  on  the  basis  of  which  the tax authorities indicated that  they  desired  to  centralize  the assessment of the petitioner for the purposes of coordinated deep investigation, verifications, consequent assessment and administrative convenience. Furthermore, the authorities allowed for filing of reply and notes of submission (February 7 and 17, 2022). The petitioner’s advocates personally appeared and were heard on February 9,  2022.  Thereafter, after considering these, the respondent no. 1 passed  the  Impugned Order, which the Petitioner has challenged in the instant writ petition.

9. An account of the ‘nexus’ as  provided  in  the  second  notice  and Impugned Order is given herein-below as it is necessary in determining the outcome of the present petition:

• a) Relation with Petitioner – Praveen Kakkar was  Officer  in  Special Duty to the Chief Minister when the Petitioner was the Chief Minister of Madhya Rajendra Miglani  was  advisor  to  the  Chief Minister. Prateek Joshi worked for the IT Cell of Madhya Pradesh Congress Committee and was in touch with Praveen Kakkar and Lalit Chhallani as per the evidence found in his  phone. Himanshu  Sharma was in touch with Praveen Kakkar,  Rajendra  Miglani  and  Lalit Chhallani as per evidence found in his phone.

• b) Documents/Evidence found: 

1. Praveen Kakkar’s house had documents which indicated payments made to MLAs and collections to be made by companies.
2. Lalit Chhallani’s laptop had a file which indicated cash collections and payments.
3. Prateek Joshi’s diary indicates cash payments made and collected. It is contended to be a subset of Lalit Chhallani’s file.
4. Himanshu Sharma’s laptop and chats had a file which contained details of cash payments made and It is stated to be a subset of Lalit Chhallani’s file.

• It is further mentioned in the second notice that there are receipts and payments of such transactions, the details of which were also mentioned on Whatsapp and SMS, which have also been recovered.

• c) Suspicious cash transaction linking the Petitioner – In further investigation, Mr. Syed Mohd, in his statement under Section 132(4) of the Act identified himself as the Chief Accountant cum Administrative Officer of the All India Congress   He, under oath, submitted that Rajendra Miglani and Mr. Vijay Damodaran are associates of the petitioner. Furthermore, he submitted that Rajendra Miglani had sent Vijay Damodaran  to deposit unaccounted cash (Rs. 20 crores) in the All India Congress Committee’s office. Vijay Damodaran confirms, under oath, that Rajendra Miglani had instructed him to collect cash from the petitioner’s residence in Delhi (1, Tughlak Road, New Delhi) and was accompanied by Mr. R. Viswanathan (stated to be the petitioner’s secretary).

Therefore, the tax authorities link Rajendra Miglani to the Petitioner.

• d)   Other Linking Factors  

1. Himanshu Sharma’s phone had a note named ‘KN Receipts’ which had entries of Rs. 1.65 crores. Since he was confirmed to be in touch with the others (Praveen Kakkar, Rajendra Miglani and Lalit Chhallani), the tax authorities found it reasonable to infer ‘KN’ to be Kamal Nath, that is, the Rajendra Miglani’s message to Himanshu Sharma also refers to a ‘KN’.
2. Lalit Chhallani in his statement under Section 132(4) of the Act submitted that he had maintained the account pertaining to cash transactions relating to the Lok Sabha  Elections 2019 and the file was found in his laptop. The petitioner was then the president of the Madhya Pradesh Congress Committee.
3. After observing All India Congress Committee’s ledger, it was found that the entry under ‘aid from MPCC’ recorded the above mentioned 20 crores, but on April 8, 2019, which was a day after the raids made on April 7, 2019 (on the involved persons). The tax authorities contend this mentioning of Rs. 20 crores in the accounts as an after-thought, since the raids were made a day before. The only other cash transaction between the period of April 1, 2013 to October 10, 2019 was of Rs. 15 lakhs paid by All India Congress Committee to Madhya Pradesh Congress Committee. The other entries as unearthed from the phones/laptops/offices of involved persons also do not find mention in the accounts of the All India Congress Committee.
4. A file found in Lalit Chhallani’s laptop showed receipts from Government departments, and payments to Lok Sabha candidates. The tax authorities also mention one specific payment (of Rs. 15 crores) made to another entity (RKM in Chhindwara), which is recorded in the file.

• Rival Submissions

  

10. After appreciating the facts, at this juncture it would be pertinent to mention the submissions put forth by counsels of both

11. The petitioner put forth the following arguments:

1. There is no live link of the petitioner with the involved persons and he did not even know three of While the petitioner knew two of the involved persons, their relationship was devoid of any financial nexus. Reliance has been placed upon R.K. Agarwal v. CIT (2006 SCC OnLine All 1386), Dilip  Kumar  Agarwal  v.  Income  Tax (2009 SCC OnLine Cal 702), P.S. Housing Finance Ltd. v. Union of India (2006 SCC OnLine Cal  830),  Anil  Kumar  Kothari  v. Union of India ([2010] 232 CTR 104 [Gau]) and Global Energy v. Commissioner of Income Tax (2013 SCC OnLine Bom 296) to substantiate the contention that financial nexus with persons from whom incriminating materials are found along-with adequate reasons are prerequisites for a transfer of the Impugned order under Section 127 of the Act, notwithstanding the fact that the order is for the purpose of a co-ordinated and effective investigation.
2. Mere speculation or apprehension, though bona fide, cannot be sufficient grounds for transfer under Section 127 and there has to be a financial nexus with the involved persons. Reliance was placed on Rajesh Mahajan v. CIT (2002 SCC OnLine P & H 1533) for the said argument.
3. Neither a search or survey  was  conducted  on  the  petitioner,  nor were incriminating  documents  found  with  the  petitioner  which would require any coordinated investigation and such a transfer under Section 127 is based on extraneous materials. The petitioner’s capacity to the investigation can merely be seen as that of a witness. Therefore, the transfer based on vague pleas of ‘coordinated investigation’ is wholly arbitrary, unreasonable and in violation of Article 14 and 19(1)(g) of the Constitution of India.
4. The petitioner has no relation with the Rs. 15 crores paid to RKM in Chhindwara or Rs.20 crores cash already accounted for in All India Congress Committee’s accounts or the chats unearthed from the involved There exists no link for attributing the incriminating and suspicious materials to the petitioner’s personal income tax assessment.
5. There will be great difficulty and harassment to the petitioner if the said transfer is allowed  as  his  assessments  have  always  been  done at Kolkata. The petitioner’s permanent residence, accounts staff and authorised representative are also at Therefore,  such  a transfer would cause immense hardship, financial and otherwise.
6. Petitioner’s objections have not been considered and therefore the Impugned Order is in violation of principles of natural justice.
7. The Apex Court in Ajantha Industries v. Central Board of Direct Taxes ([1976] 102 ITR 281 [SC]) held that an order under Section 127 of the Act can be challenged on the ground that it is mala fide or arbitrary or based on irrelevant and extraneous Furthermore, reasons must indicate that the transfer is necessitated because the current assessing-officer cannot do what the officer to whom it is being transferred can. Ex-facie, the Impugned Order has been passed by taking into consideration irrelevant and extraneous materials and is wholly arbitrary.
8. Furthermore, the assessments of the  involved  persons  were completed on  September  30, 2021 Hence,  the  direction  for concerted or coordinated investigation seems uncalled for and misplaced.
9. The tax authorities have inadvertently mistaken the initials ‘KN’ in many chats/documents seized from the involved persons and their mobiles phones, to be referring to the petitioner.
10. The respondents, in their compilations, have  gone  beyond  their written pleadings, second notice and Impugned Order vide their affidavit-in-opposition:

• expanding the nexus from the involved persons to thirty-four persons;

• contending that the petitioner’s assessment should be transferred since he has no earnings or bank account in Kolkata;

• introducing new correspondence and evidence in relation to the 20 crores transferred to the All India Congress Committee.

12. The tax authorities submitted the following arguments:

1. The transfer order under Section 127 of the Act is more in  the nature of an administrative order rather than a quasi-judicial order. The Impugned Order was passed after adhering to the provisions of the Act and requirements of the law. The petitioner was granted sufficient opportunity to present his case and the issues raised by him were thoroughly considered. A well-reasoned order was passed only after following the due procedure and having found a  The petitioner cannot have a right to choose his assessing authority. Reliance has been placed upon Chaudhary Skin Trading Company v. Pr. Commissioner of  Income  Tax-21  ([2016]  290 CTR 533), Charan Pal Singh v. Commissioner of Income Tax and Another (2008 307 ITR 132), Kamlesh Rajnikant Shah v. Principal Commissioner of Income Tax ([2022] 138 Taxmann.com 59 [Gujarat]), Pannalal Binjraj and Another v. Union of India (1957 SC 397), ATS Infrastructure Ltd.  v.  CIT (2009 SCC OnLine 1627) and The Commissioner of Income Tax Raipur v. Union of India & Ors. ([2013] 358 ITR 341) to buttress the submission that the impugned order is valid and as per principles established in law.
2. No prejudice will be caused to the petitioner if such transfer is made as the petitioner is a highly influential person and holds a residence at Furthermore, he has no bank accounts in  Kolkata,  but holds two bank accounts in Delhi. His entire work revolves around the cities of Bhopal and Delhi. Therefore, the contentions raised by the petitioner of harassment being caused in light of the transfer, are evidently unsubstantiated and rest on flimsy grounds.
3. The nexus provided in the Impugned Order suffices to justify the transfer under Section 127  of  the    The  entire  link  begins building itself with the trail of unaccounted money (Rs. 20  crores) which was picked up from the petitioner’s residence at Delhi, but accounted for, only after raids held at different places.  Documents seized and statements given by the involved persons further consolidate the link. The entire reality can only be discovered by way of a centralised and effective investigation.

Analysis  

13. It is paramount to define the law with  regards to Section 127  of the  Act, in terms of the object behind the section and the scope of judicial The Apex  Court  in  Pannalal  (supra)  explained  the purpose and objective of the predecessor  to  Section  127  of  the  Act, which was Section 5 (7-A) of the earlier Act. The Court states that the power to transfer is not naked, arbitrary or uncontrolled.  It  is  to  be guided by the purpose of the Act viz. the  charge  of  income  tax, assessment and collection thereof, and is to be exercised for more convenient and efficient collection of tax. The Court  further  underlines that there is no absolute right to be assessed in a particular  area  or locality. While inconvenience may be caused, it  is  subject  to  the exigencies of tax collection. The Court held that reasons, even if briefly recorded, will suffice as long as the assessee is given an opportunity to present their views. However, it is pertinent to note that the right to represent one’s opinions/views is subject to permissible limitations and is not absolute. Hence, the said  right  can  be  curtailed  on  occasions where its exercise would frustrate the core object of the Act.

14. The Apex Court in Ajantha Industries distinguished Pannalal (supra) as Section 127 had been The relevant paragraphs are extracted below:

“9. This judgment was rendered by this  Court on 21-12-1956,  and  we find that in the 1961 Act Section 127 replaced Section 5(7-A) where the legislature has introduced, inter alia, the requirement of recording reasons in making the order of transfer. It is manifest that once an order is passed transferring the case file of  an assessee to another area the order has to be communicated. Communication of the order is an absolutely essential requirement since the assessee is then immediately made aware of the reasons which impelled the authorities to pass the order of transfer. It is apparent that if a case file is transferred from the usual place of residence or office where ordinarily assessments are made to a distant area, a great deal of  inconvenience  and even  monetary loss is involved. That is the reason why before making  an order  of  transfer the legislature has ordinarily imposed the requirement of a show-cause notice and also recording of reasons. The question then arises  whether the reasons are at all required to be communicated to the assessee. It is submitted, on behalf of the Revenue, that the very fact that reasons are recorded in the file, although these are not  communicated  to  the assessee, fully meets the requirement of Section 127 (1). We are unable to accept this submission.

10. The reason for recording of reasons in the order and making these reasons known to the assessee is to enable an  opportunity  to  the assessee to approach the High Court under its writ jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution or even this Court under Article 136 of the Constitution in an appropriate case for challenging the order, inter alia, either on the ground that it is mala fide or arbitrary or that it is based on irrelevant and extraneous considerations. Whether such a writ or special leave application ultimately fails is not relevant for a decision of the question.

  

11. We are clearly of opinion that the requirement of recording reasons under Section 127(1) is a mandatory direction under the law and non- communication thereof is not saved by showing that the reasons exist in the file although not communicated to the assessee.”

  

• It was only in the context of stating and communicating the reasons for transfer, that the Apex Court noted that the orders under  Section 127(1) are not ‘purely administrative’. It does not indicate that the threshold of reasoning required at this stage is to the extent of reasoning provided in judicial or even quasi-judicial orders. A look at later judgements will further consolidate this proposition.

15. In Chaudhary Skin Trading Company (supra), a  division  bench  of the Delhi High Court has explicated on the level of reasoning required for a transfer order under Section 127 for it to be sacrosanct from judicial Relevant paragraph is extracted below:

“11. As far as the rationale to transfer, i.e., conduct of coordinated post search investigation and meaningful assessment goes, we are of the opinion that like in the case of first contention, the assessees have failed here  as  well.  The  kind  of  reasoning  required  by  an  order  under Section  127  cannot  be  compared  or  likened  to  a  quasi  judicial order  that  has  adverse  consequences.  One  can  understand  if additions  are  made  on  sketchy  or  bare  minimum  reasons,  they cannot be upheld. However, what is proposed by  an  order  under Section 127 is the transfer of  one or several  assessments from one circle to another, to that extent inconvenience undoubtedly ensue; however, to say that this leads to grave prejudice if detailed reasoning were not given is something that the Court cannot countenance. The consequence would only be that the assessees’ contentions would have to be taken into account by another Assessing Officer who would also have before him or her all other related assessments. In these circumstances, the Court is  unprepared  to  hold  that  the  brief  reasons  relied  upon  by  the revenue does not amount to reasons at all or that they are vague. In such exercise in every case where an order under Section 127 is challenged, there are two interests – those of the assessees who invariably  plead  inconvenience  and  hardship  and  that  of  the revenue  which  would  inevitably  cite  public  interest.  The  Court’s task is to unravel whether in fact the revenue’s contentions are correct and if so reject the assessees’ contentions. On the other hand, if there is no  real  public  interest  and  if  there  are  no reasons even the briefest one, the order cannot be sustained. Conversely, if  there is reasoning and the public interest is discernable, as in this case, the only result can be rejection of the assessees’ contentions.”

Emphasis Added

  

16. The tax authorities further relied on ATS (supra), wherein the Delhi High Court has also averred along similar lines as Chaudhary Skin Trading Company (supra). Relevant paragraph of ATS (supra) is extracted below:

“11. In this conspectus and analysis of the law it will be relevant to note that — firstly there is no fundamental right of  an assesse to be  assessed at a particular place. Under Section 124 the assessment must be carried out at the principal place of business but when powers under Section 127 are invoked, territorial nexus becomes irrelevant. Secondly, the determination of the venue of the assessment would be governed by the greatest effectivity for collection of taxes. Thirdly, the decision to transfer cases cannot be capricious or malafide. If the venue is changed from year to year, or periodically for no apparent reason, it would not manifest an instance of exercise of power  which  is not available, but  an example of an abuse of power in the manner in which it is exercised. Fourthly, whilst the convenience of the assessee should be kept in mind, it would always be subservient to the interests of adjudication and collection of taxes.”

  

17. The Gujarat High Court in Kamlesh (supra) has reiterated the above- stated legal The additional understanding the Court put forth is that assessments of persons not subjected to search operations can also be transferred. The relevant paragraphs are stated below:

“24.  We  may  only  observe  that  the  transfer  order  passed  under Section 127 of the Act is more in the nature of an administrative order rather than a quasi-judicial order and the assessee cannot have any right to choose his Assessing Authority, as no prejudice can be said to have been caused to the assessee depending upon which authority of the department passes the  Assessment  Order. The assessee can only be concerned with getting an opportunity  of hearing before the concerned Assessing Authority and adduce his evidence and make his submissions before the concerned Assessing Authority. The Income Tax department has recently introduced a scheme of Faceless Assessments with a view to avoid personal hearing and physical interaction of the assessee and the Assessing Authority altogether. The assessee need not even know the name of the Assessing Authority who will deal with his case.

26. Having regard to the position of law as discussed above and also the other materials on record, we are of the view that we should not interfere with the impugned order of transfer passed by the respondent in exercise of powers under Section 127(2) of the Act. The power of transfer of cases may have to be exercised in proper cases when sufficient materials on record justify such As held by this Court in the case of Hindustan M.I. Swaco Limited MANU/GJ/1013/2016MANU/GJ/1013/2016: (2016) 72 taxmann.com 14 (Guj.), “this is, however, not to suggest that the transfer of cases for effective investigation and coordination can be  resorted  to  only  in  cases  of  assessee,  who  are  subjected  to  search      operation.       Such      requirement      may     arise      in     other circumstances also“.

  

27. Before we close this judgment, we must observe that the question whether circumstances warrant transfer or not is a matter for consideration and the decision  by the Commissioner. The Commissioner in the case on hand upon due consideration of all the relevant aspects of the matter is satisfied that the case of the writ applicant should be transferred for the purpose of effective and coordinated investigation and Thus, we are of the opinion that looking at facts and circumstances of the case, where administrative exigencies can be adequately/comprehensively addressed, such a discretion should not be interfered with under Article 226 of the Constitution. We do not find any patent error of law or any error apparent on the face of the record. The impugned order cannot be said to be ex facie perverse.”

Emphasis Added

  

18. In Commissioner of Income Tax Raipur (supra), the  Chhattisgarh High Court has given a succinct, but adept guideline with respect to the jurisprudence of Section It held: “53. Our conclusions are as follows: 

• The power of transfer under Section 127(2) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 is not a judicial power;
• The writ appeal is maintainable against the order of the Single Judge quashing the order passed under Section 127 of the Act;
• The notice had indicated the reason for transfer as ‘centralisation’ for ‘co-ordinated investigation’. It is for this reason that order for transfer were There was no denial of reasonable opportunity to the Assesses;
• The word ‘co-ordinated investigation’ is not vague. It has a definite meaning and the transfer order can not be set aside merely on  the ground that the transfer has been done on vague terms.”

 

19. Therefore, the scope of judicial review is limited to determining (a) if the decision making process was proper, or (b) the reasons are not wholly irrelevant/ arbitrary, or (c) if the order is passed without jurisdiction or actuated by mala fide. The only factor that is further required  to sanctify a transfer order is the presence of a financial nexus of the assessee’s assessment which is being transferred in the reasons for transfer given in the order under Section 127.

20. The judgements cited by the petitioners are correct in their understanding of the law. However, they have been applied to different facts and circumstances and are In Anil Kumar Kothari (supra), the transfer order was set aside for non-issuance of notice to the assessee and non-furnishing of reasons. In P.S. Housing Finance (supra), the evidence suggested that petitioner had no relation with the entities from whom incriminating materials were found in addition to the fact that nothing was unearthed from the assessee itself. In Dilip Kumar Agarwal (supra), while the tax authorities transferred the assessment for the purposes of co-ordinated and effective investigation, the notice did not mention such reasons. Furthermore, no evidence existed to establish a business connection of the assessees to their father. The onus was put upon the assessees to prove their lack of connection. On such facts, the Courts have quashed transfer orders passed under Section 127 of the Act.

21. The other judgements cited by the petitioners are also legally sound but distinguishable on In Global (supra), the Court found that no reasons existed beyond the mere mentioning of the ground of ‘co- ordinated  investigation’  and  hence  quashed  the  transfer  order.  Again, in Rakesh Mahajan (supra), nothing was found to confirm a financial connection between two family groups. The transfer order also did not deal with the objections raised to the  allegations  in  the  show-cause notice. Reasons given were irrelevant  to  the  object  sought  to  be achieved. In light of such factors, the court set aside the transfer order. In R.K. Agarwal (supra) the court found  the  transfer  order  to  suffer from a manifest error on the face of the  record.  The  rationale  for  the same was the lack of application  of  mind  by  the  authorities  as  barely any reason was given behind the decision to transfer the  assessment, rather than centralisation of assessment of other entities, one of whose director’s sister was married to the petitioner. The court inferred the presence of mere whim and  fancy,  thereby  disallowing  the  transfer order.

22. The purpose of a transfer order under Section 127 is not to subject an assessee to tax Its effect is only to subject an assessee to assessment under another jurisdictional officer. Therefore, such an order involves balancing of the inconvenience to the petitioner and revenue interests (public interest), which should tilt towards the latter if there is some nexus derivable from facts and not mere pleas based on conjecture.

23. The principles that emerge from a reading of the judgements above are as follows:

1. There is no absolute right to be assessed in a particular
2. In a transfer order, the  inconvenience  of  assessees  is  balanced against the right of the revenue to carry out effective tax collection (which is public interest).
3. The assessee does not possess the right to choose his/her assessing authority.
4. The scope of judicial review is limited to determining:

• whether the decision making process was proper, which is to ascertain:
• • if the principles of natural justice were followed, and
  • the requirements of Section 127 were fulfilled,

• whether the reasons are not wholly irrelevant/ arbitrary,

• whether the order is passed without jurisdiction or actuated by mala fide, and

• whether there is any nexus of the assessee, whose assessment is being transferred, with the incriminating material and/or persons on whom incriminating material has been found.

Conclusion

  

24. This Court had quashed the first order for violation of the principles of natural Post the said quashing, the petitioner has been given adequate opportunity to make his case before the tax authorities. So far, this Court finds no infirmity in the decision making process. Requirements under section 127(2) are fulfilled as proper opportunity has been granted to the petitioner to represent their case and a reasoned order has been communicated.

25. Upon perusal of the records before me, I find that the respondent 1 has clearly delineated the reasons of the transfer  under  Section 127  of the Act in the Impugned Order for a  detailed  and  coordinated investigation of the petitioner. It is to be noted that the files of  several other persons have also been transferred under Section 127 of the Act. The petitioner is the only one whose file is still not being transferred because of the writ petition filed before the Calcutta High Court. The various reasons provided are based on concrete material that have been mentioned in the Impugned Order in paragraph 7.

26. One cannot say that the present transfer is based only on surmises and conjectures as it is evident that the name of the petitioner has been taken by some of the persons on whom investigation, search  and survey was carried out. Furthermore, the statement of certain persons also indicates that there was transfer of cash to the tune of almost 20 crores from the residence of the petitioner at Delhi. This money trail raises suspicion. Even though the said cash has been shown in  the books of the All India Congress Committee, the source of the funds from the Madhya Pradesh Congress Committee is required to be looked into by the tax authorities. Furthermore, the recording in the books of the All India Congress committee was done subsequent to the raids conducted by the tax authorities.

27. Moreover, unaccounted cash transactions have been clearly found in the Whatsapp chats and accompanying documents obtained from several persons wherein the term ‘KN’ has been referred These persons were either known to the petitioner or were associates of persons who seem to be extremely close to the petitioner.

28. In view of the above, it is clear that the present transfer is based on cogent material that requires further investigation by the tax The argument of the petitioner that they are willing to cooperate in the investigation, thereby negating the requirement of the transfer, is of no relevance as the officer conducting the coordinated search in my opinion, is best suited to investigate and carry out the assessment of the petitioner. It is to be noted that at the stage  of passing an order under Section 127, after considering objections of the petitioner, the authorities are not required to give out the entire case of the tax authorities. Even if the additional information shared vide the affidavit-in-opposition and compilations are not considered, this Court finds the Impugned Order to satisfy the threshold of an administrative/quasi-administrative order.

29. Thus, it would be incontestable and sufficient to conclude that as long as cogent materials are present, the transfer that has been sought for cannot be held to be mala fide or based on extraneous circumstances. The judgements cited above clarify this point to the hilt. In my view, the administrative/quasi-administrative order passed under Section 127 of the Act does not need to give a detailed explanation and a concrete financial nexus, but is required to bring out certain facts that could indicate that the case warrants further investigation to be carried out by the tax authorities.

30. Moreover, the petitioner is a highly influential person with significant presence in Delhi including an official residence  and  bank  While his inconvenience would have anyway been overshadowed by the revenue interest in the facts of this  case,  it  would  be  pertinent  to mention the lack of any inconvenience whatsoever.

31. Furthermore, though the assessments of some of the involved persons are complete, that cannot itself be a bar for a transfer order under Section 127 of the petitioner’s assessment. Nor can the fact that he has not been subjected to any search or seizure be a bar to There is enough material garnered from other persons to establish a nexus, concrete enough to seize the judicial hands of this court from entering into the realm of reasonable executive discretion.

32. In the present case, I find that the Impugned Order is unimpeachable and has been done so after following the principles established in In light of the same, I find no reason to interfere with the Impugned Order, and accordingly, the present writ petition is dismissed. All interim orders stand vacated. The tax authorities are directed to complete the assessment of the petitioner within the time frame allowed in accordance with law.

33. I would like to show my appreciation for the dexterity of  counsel appearing in this matter for both parties. Painstaking effort in research along with consummate court craft of  counsel  resulted  in  making  my task of penning this judgement far less onerous than usual.

34. Urgent Photostat certified copy of this order, if applied for, should  be made available to the parties upon compliance with the requisite formalities.

(Shekhar B. Saraf, J.)

  

Later

 

Learned Advocate for the petitioner prays for stay of operation of this judgement and order.

Such prayer is considered and rejected.

(Shekhar B. Saraf, J.)