Residential property used for commercial purpose & Claiming of capital gain exemption u/s 54F
There are various interesting issues which arise while claiming a capital gain exemption. One of the important stipulations while making capital gain exemption u/s 54F is that the assessee should not be owner of more than one house property on the date of earning capital gain income. The question arises as to whether if the assessee is owning more than one house property but is using it for commercial purpose then whether still it would be considered as a house property for counting “one” house property as per stipulations?
In short, an important question is whether a “residential house” has to be on the basis of “Records or sanction map ” of the municipal corporation or other government authorities or it has to be on the basis of its “usage”.
Here is one Karnataka HC judgment which has made few important observations which will have impact on capital gain exemption.
The few key observation by the Karnataka HC were as under:
1. In determining whether the assessee owns more than one residential property, the usage of the property has to be considered.
2. If an apartment is sanctioned for residential purposes but is in fact being used for commercial purposes as a serviced apartment, it has to be treated as commercial property.
3. Several independent residential units in the same building have to be treated as one residential unit and there is no impediment to allowance of exemption u/s 54F(1)
Before I make cover its implications at the end, let us first read the judgment
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BENGALURU
DATED THIS THE 18TH DAY OF JUNE 2020
PRESENT
THE HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE ALOK ARADHE
AND
THE HON’BLE MR. JUSTICE M.NAGAPRASANNA
I.T.A. NO.320 OF 2011
BETWEEN:
SHRI.NAVIN JOLLY
C/O NAVIN ARCHITECT PRIVATE LIMITED
UNIT NO.112, G.F.NO.139
OXFORD TOWERS
OPP. LEELA PALACE HOTEL
AIRPORT ROAD
BANGALORE – 560 008.
… APPELLANT
(By Sri.A.SHANKAR SR.ADV.
A/W SRI.M.LAVA, ADV.,)
AND:
THE INCOME-TAX OFFICER
WARD 11(1), R.P.BHAVAN
OPP TO RBI, NRUPATUNGA ROAD
BANGALORE 0 560 001.
… RESPONDENT
(By Sri.K.V.ARAVIND, ADV.)
THIS ITA IS FILED UNDER SECTION 260-A OF I.T. ACT, 1961 ARISING OUT OF ORDER DATED 29.03.2011 PASSED IN ITA
NO.969 (BANG)/2010 FOR THE ASSESSMENT YEAR 2006-07,
PRAYING THAT THIS HON’BLE COURT MAY BE PLEASED TO:
(I) FORUMULATE THE SUBSTANTIAL QUESTIONS OF LAW STATED THEREIN.
(I) ALLOW THE APPEAL AND SET ASIDE THE FINDINGS TO THE EXTENT AGAINST THE APPELLANT IN THE ORDER PASSED BY THE TRIBUNAL IN ITA NO.969/BANG/2010 DAETD 29.03.2011, IN
THE INTEREST OF JUSTICE AND EQUITY.
THIS ITA COMING ON FOR FINAL HEARING, THIS DAY, ALOK ARADHE J., DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING: JUDGMENT
This appeal under Section 260A of the Income Tax Act, 1961 hereinafter preferred to as the Act for short) has been preferred by the assessee.
The subject matter of the appeal pertains to the Assessment year 2006-07. The appeal was admitted by a bench of this Court vide order dated 06.06.2012 on the following substantial questions of law:
(i) Whether the tribunal is justified in law in confirming the denial of exemption claimed by the appellant under Section 54F of the Income-Tax Act, 1961, on the facts and circumstances of the case?
(ii) Whether the tribunal erred in law in interpreting the meaning of the word residential house used in Section 54F(1) proviso (a) (i) of the Income Tax Act?
(iii) Whether the authorities below are justified in law in holding that a
property used for the commercial purpose, falls within the meaning of
residential house as per the proviso (a) (i) to Section 54F(1) of the Act on the facts and circumstances of the case?
2. Facts leading to filing of this appeal briefly stated are that assessee is an individual and is Director of M/s Aburge India Property Services Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore. The assessee filed his return of income for Assessment year 2006-07 on 30.10.2006 declaring income of Rs.53,06,473/-. The return filed by the assessee was selected for scrutiny and notice under
Section 143(2) of the Act was issued. The assessee stated that he had sold shares in the company viz., M/s Corporate Leisure Resorts and Hotels Pvt. Ltd., during financial year 2005-06 and derived long term capital gain of Rs.1,55,47,315/-. The appellant further declared that he had constructed a residential property during the year situate at 808/7 and 808/8 Kaikondanahalli, Sarjapur, Bangalore. The appellant claimed exemption under Section 54F of the Act to the extent of Rs.1,55,47,315/-. Before the assessing officer, the assessee agreed voluntarily to offer a sum of Rs.4,17,339/- for taxation.
3. The assessing officer vide order dated 31.12.2008 inter alia held that the assessee owns nine residential flats in his name and that he is deriving the income from the residential flats and declared the same under the head income from house property during Assessment year 2006-07 and is therefore, not eligible to claim exemption by invoking proviso (a)(i) and (b) to Section 54F (1). The assessing officer further recorded a finding that properties owned by the appellant are residential apartments. Accordingly, exemption under Section 54F of the Act was denied.
4. Being aggrieved, the assessee filed an appeal. The Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) by an order dated 31.05.2010 inter alia held that by virtue of clauses (a)(i) and (b) of proviso to Section 54F(1), the assessee is ineligible to claim exemption. It was further held that from perusal of the record, it is evident that out of nine properties two properties viz., Unit No.204 and 605 of Oxford Suites have got plan sanction of residential in nature and therefore, the claim of the assessee that the properties be not treated as residential houses cannot be accepted. It was further held that on the date of transfer of original asset the assessee was in possession of at least two residential houses and therefore, the appellant is not entitled to the benefit of exemption under Section 54F of the Act. It was also held that in respect of six out of seven properties, from the records it is evident that they have been let out by the assessee to different companies and rental income is being shown
regularly in the returns as income from house property and even if the nature of plan sanction is commercial, the appellant cannot be allowed to take a different stand and to contend that the properties are not residential houses. It was also noted that by explanatory circular dated 30.06.1982, the word ‘residential house’ includes not only self occupied properties but also let out properties. It was further held that the assessee is not entitled to benefit of deduction under Section 54F of the
Act. Accordingly, the appeal was dismissed.
5. The assessee approached the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal. The tribunal by an order dated 29.03.2011 inter alia held that assessee should not have more than one residential unit on the date of transfer of
the original asset. It was further held that it is immaterial as to how the assessee utilized the residential units and whether these residential units are used for commercial purposes or residential purposes, so long as these units were recognized as residential units. Therefore, it was held that the assessee cannot claim the benefit of exemption under Section 54F of the Act. The appeal preferred by the assessee was therefore, dismissed. In the aforesaid factual background, this appeal has been filed.
6. Learned Senior Counsel for the assessee submitted that apartments No.204 and 605 viz., Oxford suites is a building comprising units offered for serviced apartments and each floor consists of eight apartments of 500 square feet floor area and the appellant had let out both the properties to be used as commercial /serviced apartments. Therefore, the aforesaid serviced apartments could not have been treated as residential units and in fact the same were commercial units and were being used by serviced apartments by the companies to accommodate their guests. It is also urged that clause (a) (i) of proviso to Section 54F(1) are not attracted and clause (b) of proviso to Section 54F(1) are also not attracted. It is further submitted that the authorities erred in law in interpreting the meaning of the word ‘residential house’ used in proviso (a)(i) to Section 54F(1) of the Act and it is submitted that the expression ‘residence’ implies some sought for permanency and cannot be equated to the expression ‘temporary stay’ as a lodger. It is also argued that usage of property has to be taken into account while determining whether the property is a residential property or commercial property and the beneficial provisions of the Act have to be construed liberally in
order to achieve the purpose for which it were incorporated. Alternatively, it is submitted that even if two apartments are treated to be residential, then also since, they are situate in the same building, therefore, the apartments have to be treated as one residential only. In support of aforesaid submissions, reliance has been placed on the following decisions
‘CIT V. I.IFTHIQAR ASHIQ’, (2016) 239 TAXMAN 443 (MADRAS),
‘FIRM GANGA RAM KISHORE CHAND VS. FIRM JAI RAM BHAGAT RAM’, AIR 1957 PUNJAB 293,
‘GLOBE THEATRES LTD. VS. KHAN SAHEB ABDUL GANI AND ANOTHER’, 1956 MYSORE 57 ((S) AIR V 43 C 25 DEC.),
‘C.H.KESAVA RAO VS. CIT’, (1985) 156 ITR 369 (MADRAS),
‘CIT VS. OUSEPH CHACKO’, 271 ITR 29 (KERALA),
‘SANJEEV PURI VS. DCIT’, (2016) 180 TTJ 649 (DELHI-TRIB),
‘P.N.SHUKLA VS. CIT’, (2005) 276 ITR 642 (ALLAHABAD),
‘CIT VS. SMT.SHYAMA DEVI DALMIA’, (1992) 194 ITR 114 (CALCUTTA),
ITO VS. SMT.ROHINI REDDY’, (2010) 122 ITD 1
(HYDERABAD),
BAJAJ TEMPO LTD. VS. CIT’, (1992) 196 ITR 188 (SC),
‘CIT VS. SRISAMBANDAM UDAYKUMAR’, (2012) 345 ITR
389 (KARNATAKA),
‘GITA DUGGAL (2013) 357 ITR 153 (DELHI) and ‘GITA DUGGAL (2015) 228 TAXMAN 62 (SC).
7. On the other hand learned counsel for the revenue submitted that clause (a) to proviso to Section 54F(1) does not apply but clause (b) to proviso to Section 54F(1) applies to the fact situation of the case. It is submitted that the question whether the property is a residential or commercial property has to be determined on the basis of the sanction granted in respect of the same and the nature of its use by the assessee is not the criteria. It is also argued that the classification of the property either as residential or commercial has to be taken into account for the purpose of taxation. It is however submitted that out of nine flats, seven flats have been sanctioned for commercial purposes and only two flats have been sanctioned as residential units which are being used for commercial purposes. It is also urged that requirement as prescribed in proviso to Section 54F(1) is of owning a residential house and not of its user. Our attention has also been invited to Section 32(1) of the Act and it has been stated that the legislature in Section 32(1) of the Act has used the expression ‘owned’ and ‘used’ simultaneously, whereas, the same has not been done in proviso to Section 54F(1) of the Act. It is argued that language of a taxing statute should ordinarily be understood in the sense in which it is harmonious with the object of statute to effectuate the legislative animation and taxing statute deserves to be strictly construed. In support of aforesaid proposition, reliance has been placed on decision of the supreme court in
‘COMMISSIONER OF INCOME-TAX-III VS. CALCUTTA KNITWEARS’, (2014) 43 TAXMANN.COM 446 (SC).
8. We have considered the submissions made on both the sides and have perused the record. Before proceeding further, it is apposite to take note to Section 54F(1) of the Act, which is reproduced below for the
facility of reference:
54F. (1) Subject to the provisions of sub section (4), where, in the case of an assessee being an individual or a Hindu undivided family, the capital gain arises from the transfer of any long-term capital asset,
not being a residential house (hereafter in this section referred to as the original asset), and the assessee has, within a period of one year before or two years after the date on which the transfer took place purchased, or has within a period of three years after that date constructed, one residential house in India (hereafter in this section referred to as the new asset), the capital gain shall be dealt with in accordance with the following provisions of this section, that is to say,—
(a) if the cost of the new asset is not less than the net consideration in respect of the original asset, the whole of such capital gain shall not be charged under section 45 ;
(b) if the cost of the new asset is less than the net consideration in respect of the original asset, so much of the capital gain as bears
to the whole of the capital gain the same proportion as the cost of the new asset bears to the net consideration, shall not be charged under section 45:
Provided that nothing contained in this sub section shall apply where—
(a) the assessee,—
(i) owns more than one residential house, other than the new asset, on the date of transfer of the original asset; or
(ii) purchases any residential house, other than the new asset, within a period of one year after the date of transfer of
the original asset; or
(iii) constructs any residential house, other than the new asset, within a period of three years after the date of transfer of
the original asset; and
(b) the income from such residential house, other than the one residential house owned on the date of transfer of the original asset,
is chargeable under the head “Income from house property”.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this section,—
“net consideration”, in relation to the transfer of a capital asset, means the full value of the consideration received or accruing as a result of the transfer of the capital asset as reduced by any expenditure
incurred wholly and exclusively in connection with such transfer.
From close scrutiny of Section 54F(1) of the Act, it is evident that in order to attract Section 54F(1) of the Act, the conditions stipulated in clauses (a) and (b) of proviso to Section 54F(1) have to be complied with as the legislature has used the expression ‘and’ at the end of clause (a) of proviso to Section 54F(1) of the Act. It is pertinent to note that under Section 22 of the Act any income from any buildings irrespective of which the use which has to be treated under the head ‘income from house property’. It is well settled legal proposition that
a provision in a taxing statute providing incentive for promoting growth and development has to be construed liberally so as to advance the object of the Section and not to frustrate it. [SEE:’CIT VS. STRAWBOARD MFg. CO. LTD.’, (1989) 177 ITR 431 (SC) AND ‘BAJAJ TEMPO LTD. SUPRA]. A bench of this court in SAMBANDAM UDAY KUMAR SUPRA while interpreting Section 54F of the Act has held that provisions of Section 54F is a beneficial provision for promoting construction of residential houses and has to be construed liberally. Kerala, Delhi, Allahabad, Calcutta and Hyderabad High Courts have taken a view that usage of the property has to be considered in determining whether it is a residential property or a
commercial property and Madras High Court in C.H.KESVA RAO supra has held that expression ‘residence’ implies some sought of permanency and cannot be equated to the expression ‘temporary stay’ as a lodger.
10. In the backdrop of aforesaid well settled legal principles, the facts of the case in hand may be examined. Learned counsel for the revenue have fairly submitted that out of nine apartments, seven flats have been sanctioned for commercial purposes. Therefore, the dispute only survives in respect of two apartments, which have been sanctioned for residential purposes and are being used for commercial purposes as serviced apartments. The usage of the property has to be considered for determining whether the property in
question is a residential property or a commercial property. It is not in dispute that the aforesaid two apartments are being put to commercial use and therefore, the aforesaid apartments cannot be treated as residential apartments. The contention of the revenue that the apartments cannot be taxed on the basis of the usage does not deserve acceptance in view of decisions of Kerala, Delhi, Allahabad, Calcutta and Hyderabad High Courts with which we respectfully concur.
11. Alternatively, we hold that assessee even otherwise is entitled to the benefit of exemption under Section 54F(1) of the Act as the assessee owns two apartments of 500 square feet in same building and therefore, it has to be treated as one residential unit. The aforesaid fact cannot be permitted to act as impediment to allowance of exemption under Section 54F(1) of the Act. Similar view was taken by Delhi High Court in case of Geeta Duggal wherein the issue whether a residential house which consists of several independent residential units would be entitled to exemption under Section 54F(1) of the Act was dealt with and the same was answered in the affirmative. The appeal against the aforesaid decision was dismissed by the Supreme Court by an order reported in (2014) 52 taxmann.com 246 (SC). We agree with the view taken by Delhi High Court.
12. For the aforementioned reasons, the substantial questions of law are answered in favour of the assessee and against the revenue. In the result, the orders of the assessing officer and Commissioner of
Income Tax (Appeals) and Income Tax Appellate Tribunal insofar as it pertains to denial of exemption under Section 54F(1) of the Act to the appellant is hereby quashed. In the result, appeal is allowed.
Sd/-
JUDGE
Sd/-
JUDGE
Implications of above judgments:
There are two sides of the coin. One is beneficially interpreted above by the Karnatka HC which we have discussed above.
In my view, there is other side which can also impact the capital gain exemption, as under:
1. What if the person has purchased a residential house property but has put it to use for commercial purpose? Whether capital gain exemption could be denied on the above “usage” theory?
2. A person has sold a residential hosue property which was in commercial use then whether the capital gain exemption will be governed by section 54F and not section 54 on the basis of this theory of “usage”?. It may be noted that for section54F, investment of net sale consideration is important and the there is a restriction of owning not more than one house property. This stipulations are not there is section 54.
3. Whether conversion of “residential” used house property for non residential house property violates the conditions if the investment is done to claim capital gain exemption earlier?
These are some of the implications. I will cover few more repercussion in my subsequent columns. Till then, enjoy reading the controversy.
